See oxen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:oxan",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "oxe",
"6": "-en<id:noun plural>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uhsô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ohsō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"oxa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"oxan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"ang\", \":inh\", \"gmw-pro:*ohsō\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"oxa\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oxe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"n-stem\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-en\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oxen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"oxen\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"3": "oxan"
},
"expansion": "Old English oxan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "oxe",
"3": "-en",
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"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "oxe + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English oxan; equivalent to oxe + -en (plural suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ocsen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oksen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxsen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxsyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "oxen",
"name": "head"
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"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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{
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],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "oxe"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of oxe"
],
"id": "en-oxen-enm-noun-f-cbrVLl",
"links": [
[
"oxe",
"oxe#Middle_English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "exen"
},
{
"word": "oxes"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "oxen"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ang:oxan",
"4": ":afeq",
"5": "oxe",
"6": "-en<id:noun plural>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*uhsô\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*ohsō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"oxa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"oxan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : [ \"ang\", \":inh\", \"gmw-pro:*ohsō\" ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"oxa\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oxe\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun plural\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"n-stem\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"-an\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-en\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"afeq\", \"is_invisible\" : \"all\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"oxen\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"oxen\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "oxan"
},
"expansion": "Old English oxan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "oxe",
"3": "-en",
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"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "plural suffix"
},
"expansion": "oxe + -en (plural suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English oxan; equivalent to oxe + -en (plural suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ocsen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oksen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxon",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxsen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxsyn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "oxyne",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "oxen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English non-lemma forms",
"Middle English noun forms",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *uksḗn",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (noun plural)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
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],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "oxe"
}
],
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"plural of oxe"
],
"links": [
[
"oxe",
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]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "exen"
},
{
"word": "oxes"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "oxen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for oxen meaning in Middle English (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.